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“The most outstanding characteristics of FASD are bad judgment & the inability to make the connection between an act & its consequences”


Dr. Ann Streissguth

ABOUT FASD

 
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) is an umbrella term that includes a range of disorders associated with fetal alcohol exposure. 


FASD includes permanent physical and neurological damage that can manifest in cognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial behavioral problems.  Although FASD is irreversible, research indicates early intervention is effective at improving a child’s development and overall well-being.


Every individual affected by FASD is presented with a unique set of challenges and the outcomes of individuals with FASD vary greatly. The majority of individuals impacted by FASD have no physical signs of prenatal alcohol exposure but can struggle with developmental delays, memory problems, poor judgment, impulsivity, executive functioning, modulating emotions, social competencies, sensory difficulties, and adaptive functioning.   Read more about Living with FASD from Proof Alliance

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The majority of individuals impacted by FASD have no physical signs of prenatal alcohol exposure but because brain functions are impacted by prenatal alcohol exposure, they can struggle with developmental delays, memory problems, poor judgment, impulsivity, executive functioning, modulating emotions, social competencies, sensory difficulties, and adaptive functioning.   


  

By understanding neurobehavioral conditions, such as FASD, as brain-based disabilities, we can focus on connecting brain functioning (ex: executive functioning challenge) with behavioral manifestations (ex: difficulties regulating and impulsivity). This approach increases new perspectives, expands options, and lowers frustration.


 A person living with FASD might have:


  • Low body weight
  • Poor coordination
  • Hyperactive behavior
  • Difficulty with attention
  • Poor memory
  • Difficulty in school
  • Learning disabilities
  • Speech and language delays
  • Intellectual disability or low IQ
  • Poor reasoning and judgment skills
  • Sleep and sucking problems
  • Vision or hearing problems
  • Heart, kidney, or bones problems
  • Shorter-than-average height
  • Small head size
  • Abnormal facial features


From https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fasd/facts.html  

Free online screening

San Diego State University Center for Behavioral Teratology has developed a new web-based screening tool , BRAIN-Online, that assesses cognitive and behavioral features known to be associated with FASD 

Launch BRAIN-Online

DIAGNOSIS

 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is an umbrella term that includes a spectrum of disorders associated with fetal alcohol exposure and is based on specific symptoms: 


  • Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) which includes prenatal alcohol exposure, facial features, growth anomalies, CNS anomalies, and neurobehavioral impairment.


  • Partial fetal alcohol syndrome (PFAS)  requires confirmation of prenatal alcohol exposure, facial features, and neurobehavioral impairment - or- if no confirmation of prenatal alcohol exposure, facial features, neurobehavioral impairment and growth anomalies OR CNS anomalies.


  • Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) requires confirmation of prenatal alcohol exposure and neurobehavioral impairment.


  • Alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD) requires confirmation of prenatal alcohol exposure and at least one major malformation/defect of the cardiac, renal, eye, ear or skeletal system.  


Early diagnosis and interventions significantly improve the long-term outcomes for families & children with FASDs.  


PROTECTIVE FACTORS

There is no cure for FASD, but there are protective factors that reduce the secondary characteristics and tertiary effects of FASD and improve overall functioning and adaptability to help reach full potential. ( (Streissguth et al 2004; O'Connor et all 2006). 


Protective factors include :  

  • Early Diagnosis 
  •  Access to Appropriate Social Services & Special Education 
  • Nurturing & Stable Home environment 
  • Absence of Violence
  • Parent Resilience and skills to meet child's development needs
  • Social Connections
  • Concrete Supports
  • Social & Emotional Competence



Learn more about ways to support an individual living with FASD  with our resource list.

RESOURCES

SUPPORT

Understanding one size does not fit all, parents, caregivers, and educators must learn about the specific ways an individual’s brain is impacted by FASD in order to provide the best support and approaches for the individual’s well-being.     Learn more about FASD with recorded webinars from The FASD Collaborative. 

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PREGNANCY & ALCOHOL

All major medical associations advise there is 

No Safe AMOUNT,  TYPE, or TIME to drink Alcohol during Pregnancy


According to the Guttmacher Institute, over  50% of pregnancies in Illinois are unplanned. Drinking alcohol before realizing you are pregnant is common. The safest decision is to abstain from alcohol for the remainder of your pregnancy. If possible, get regular prenatal care and talk to your healthcare provider about any alcohol use during your pregnancy to discuss any concerns.  


AVOIDING ALCOHOL IS NOT EASY FOR EVERYONE.  If you need support with alcohol during your pregnancy, learn about treatment options here. 

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The Center for Neurobehavioral Guidance

Chicago, IL | 312.488.9567

 This site is intended to provide information on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. The content found on the website is not intended to recommend, replace, or serve as a substitution for professional medical, psychological, legal, or educational advice, recommendations, diagnosis, treatment, medication, therapies, or counsel. References and resources to specific organizations do not constitute endorsement by this site.


As a reminder, medical or mental health concerns should be discussed with a licensed professional. If you or someone with you is in immediate danger, please contact 911. 

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